Adger, W.N./Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and University of East Anglia, Arnell, N.W./Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and University of Southampton, and Tompkins, E.L./Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia and University of Southampton

This article broadly focuses on adaptation to climate change. The authors review the nature of climate change adaptation and the different spatial scales where this adaptation may take place. Page 79 addresses adaptation in the public water supply management activities in England and Wales. Page 81addresses demand reduction activities for public water companies.

Adaptation, Case Studies and Best Management Practices, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Arnell, N./University of Southampton

This paper, which reviews simulations of changes in river flow, groundwater recharge, and water quality, provides analysis of projected changes in water quality and supply throughout the UK. The author also proposes corresponding adaptation options. (Abstract only)

Adaptation, Downscaled Models, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Barker, P.A./Lancaster University, Wilby, R.L./Environment Agency, King's College London and Borrows, J./Lancaster University

This paper uses monthly rainfall data to construct a 200 year precipitation index. This index is used to measure trends in precipitation throughout the Central English Lake District. Pages 778-779 address changes in precipitation throughout the regions, including seasonal changes resulting from warmer temperatures. Pages 783-784 further summarize changes in seasonal precipitation.

Regional and Local Information, Water Supply Implications

Companionships for Sustainable Water Care

This paper, which was written to advocate sustainable water management by Anglian Water, provides information on climate change impacts and proposed adaptation techniques. Page 7 presents basic information on climate change including: changes in temperature, storm intensity and frequency, rainfall and snowfall; and basic information on sea-level rise. Page 10 provides a graphic to help the water sector identify areas where they are most vulnerable. Pages 11-13 provide information on potential adaptation techniques. Page 14 provides information on risk planning and communication. Section 3 (page 19) provides a proposal for sustainable water care that makes water stewardship a key component of managing water quality and supply. Pages 22-23 propose long-term efforts to improve water resource management.

Adaptation, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Cooper, D. M., Wilkinson, W. B., and Arnell, N. W./Institute of Hydrology

This report, which examines the potential impacts of climate change on river flows and aquifer recharge rates, highlights a number of impacts to water resources. The paper specifically addresses the Limestone, Triassic sandstone, and Chalk aquifers in the UK. Pages 624-629 describe reductions in base flow and aquifer storage rates resulting from climate change and changes in rain and snowfall.

Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Ekstrom, M./University of East Anglia, Fowler, H.J., Kilsby, C.G./University of New Castle and Jones, P.D/University of East Anglia

This paper relies on climate change models to estimate increases and changes in rainfall intensity. Pages 239-241 provide regional projections of simulated changes in rainfall events and storm intensity throughout the United Kingdom.

Downscaled Models, Flood Risk Management, Regional and Local Information

Environment Agency

This "science summary" report highlights how projections in climate change could impact river flows in the UK. This three page brief details the extent of a decline in river flows in England and Wales, including a detailed description of methodology.

Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Environment Agency

This report describes the potential for future flooding in England and provides evidence to support a new regime of infrastructure investment and management. Page 7 presents impacts associated with climate change that will affect coastal areas through flooding. Chapter 3 presents five different future investment scenarios for flood control infrastructure that can help guide long-term planning.

Infrastructure Implications, Flood Risk Management, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Environment Agency

This report updates an earlier report on river flow reconstruction in 15 catchments throughout England and Wales. Page 19 provides descriptive statistics for observed and reconstructed river flows from 1980-2002. Page 23 describes the most extreme river flows for each catchment from 1865-2002. Pages 47-68 provide graphical representations of river flow in all 15 catchments.

Reference Data, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

European Environment Agency

This paper, which assesses impacts to climate change on water resources throughout Europe, provides information relevant to water companies, including impacts, adaptation techniques, and case studies. Page 11 provides a table with observed and projected changes in temperature, rain and snowfall, sea-level, and storm intensity. Pages 20-21 identify the countries most vulnerable to these impacts, including the UK. Page 23 provides a number of adaptation options. Pages 48-49 provide a list of adaptation options implemented by different countries, including the UK. Pages 107-110 specifically focus on water resource adaptation in the UK, including infrastructure investment.

Adaptation, Case Studies and Best Management Practices, Regional and Local Information

Fowler, H., Blenkinsop, S./Newcastle University and Tebaldi, C./National Center for Atmospheric Research

This paper presents the results of a literature review on climate models and downscaling techniques. Pages 1557-1560 address methods for downscaling climate change models that are effective for evaluating future impacts on hydrology.

Decision Making, Risk Management, Technical Assistance, and Tools, Downscaled Models

Fowler, H.J., and Kilsby, C.G./University of Newcastle

This paper uses data on daily rainfall and temperature to project future changes in runoff in eight water catchments in NW England: Thirlmere, Haweswater, Stocks, Longdendale, Rivington, Lake Vyrnwy, and the rivers Lune and Lower Dee. The introduction provides a summary of observed changes in rain and snowfall. Pages 346-352 provide projections for changes in rainfall. Pages 355-361 present projected changes in the magnitude and variance of annual runoff and stream flow. The introduction provides a summary of observed changes in temperature. Page 344 presents information on changes in potential evaporation from 2070-2100. Pages 355-361 present projected changes in the magnitude and variance of annual runoff and stream flow.

Downscaled Models, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Hallegatte, S/CIRED and Meteo-France

This article argues for the development of infrastructure that is robust to climate change. It provides five decision-making frameworks to guide water resource managers: (i) selecting “no-regret” strategies that yield benefits even in absence of climate change; (ii) favouring reversible and flexible options; (iii) buying “safety margins” in new investments; (iv) promoting soft adaptation strategies; and (v) reducing decision time horizons." (Abstract only)

Decision Making, Risk Management, Technical Assistance, and Tools

Haylock, M.R., Cawley, G.C., Harpham, C., Wilby, R.L. and Goodess, C.M

This article compares statistical and dynamical downscaling models for their effectiveness in downscaling heavy precipitation indices. Downscaling is applied to two meteorological stations in northwest and southeast England. (Abstract only)

Downscaled Models, Regional and Local Information

Johnson, A.C., Acreman, M.C., Dunbar, M.J./Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, et al.

This article examined the potential effects of climate change on water quality in the Thames and Yorkshire Ouse rivers. The authors use the CLASSIC hydrological model to predict lower base flows in both rivers during all seasons except winter. (Abstract only)

Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Kerr, A. and McLeod, A./Scottish Executive Central Research Unit

This report was written to explore opportunities to adapt Scotland to future climate change. Page 6 provides a table of impacts, including sea-level rise. Pages 45-46 present options for managing climate change impacts, including infrastructure management and investment to cope with changes in precipitation. Page 46 also addresses changes in rainfall.

Adaptation, Infrastructure Implications, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Kingston, D.G., Todd, M.C., Taylor, R.G., Thompson, J.R./University College London and Arnell, N.W./University of Reading

This article examines different methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration and describes how these methods impact climate change projections. (Abstract only)

Downscaled Models

Lopez, A., Fung, F., New, M., Watts, G., Weston, A. and Wilby, R.L./Oxford University

This article describes a methodology for performing a top-down examination of climate change impacts using large ensembles of climate change data. The model simulates river flows and provides a case study of a water resource system in the South West of England. (Abstract only)

Case Studies and Best Management Practices, Downscaled Models

Manning, L.J., Hall, J.W., Fowler, H.J., Kilsby, C.G./Newcastle University, and Tebaldi, C./Climate Central

This paper applies climate models, along with a stochastic weather generator, to drive a rainfall-runoff model for the Thames catchment. Page 6 provides projections of river flow in 2080. Page 8 provides projections for changes in seasonal precipitation.

Downscaled Models, Regional and Local Information

Maraun, D./University of East Anglia, Rust, H.W./Physics Institute and Osborn, T.J./University of East Anglia

This article relies on statistical modeling to examine extreme one day precipitation events throughout the UK. The authors find distinct regional variation in these precipitation events. (Abstract only)

Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

McCarthy, D./Black and Veatch

This report provides an analysis of climate change impacts in the United Kingdom and how they may affect water companies. Page 2 addresses changes in temperature, along with associated impacts on water resources. Page 5 addresses changes in rain and snowfall, along with the associated impacts on water resources.

Adaptation, Communication and Outreach Materials, Infrastructure Implications, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

New, M./Oxford University, Dessai, S./University of East Anglia Norwich, Lopez, A./Oxford University and Wilby, R.L./Environment Agency

This paper examines probalistic climate information that can be used to develop an uncertainty analysis in impacts modelling and assessment. This information is then applied to water resources in the Thames River. Section 3(a) shows changes in modeled precipitation and temperature. Section 3(b) highlights changes in simulated flow in the Thames River. Section 3 (c) presents implications for managing water resources and water resource planning, including changes in water supply availability.

Downscaled Models, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Palutikof, J.P., Agnew, M.D. and Hoar, M.R./University of East Anglia

This paper analyzes the impacts of climate extremes through an examination of public perception. Postal surveys were conducted in Southern England and Central and Southern Scotland. Page 49 addresses how respondents increase their water use during warmer summer temperatures. Page 50 further discusses perceived impacts on water supply resulting from unusually hot summers. Page 54 addresses respondent water usage during unusually hot summers. This information can be used to gauge customer response to changes in annual operations and planning.

Communication and Outreach Materials, Regional and Local Information, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Prudhomme, C./Centre for Ecology and Hydrology and Electricit de France, Jakob, D. and Svensson, C./Centre for Ecology and Hydrology

This paper develops a methodology for analyzing uncertainty in climate change impact studies and applies it to five catchments in Great Britain. The authors also use a flow series model to simulate past and future hydrological scenarios and generate forecasts for future flood regimes. (Abstract only).

Decision Making, Risk Management, Technical Assistance, and Tools, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management, Flood Risk Management

Subak, S./University of East Anglia

This article reports on 10 interviews with water company managers about observed climate change impacts and innovative ways to adapt planning to future climate change. (Abstract only)

Adaptation, Communication and Outreach Materials

The Scottish Government

This report provides a strategic framework to guide the Scottish government in adapting to climate change. Pages 49-50 provide potential adaptation activities to climate change, including sustainable flood management and intergrated water resource management.

Adaptation, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Tompkins, E.L., Adger, W.N., Boyd, E., Nicholson-Cole, S., Weatherhead, K. and Arnell, N.

This paper examines over 300 examples of adaptation to climate change in the UK. The article addresses adaptation efforts that vary by implementing organization and context. The authors show that infrastructure-heavy industries, such as water resource management, have invested in climate change adaptation at a higher rate than other industries. (Abstract only).

Adaptation, Infrastructure Implications

Vidal, J.P. and Wade, S./HR Wallingford

This paper provides a framework for building climate projections from an ensemble of GCMs at a small enough scale to inform impact analysis. This framework is then applied to the UK. Section 3 describes the framework and its value in forecasting climate change. Section 5.1 provides forecasts for changes in precipitation. Section 5.2 provides forecasts for changes in temperature.

Downscaled Models, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Vidal, J.P. and Wade, S.D./HR Wallingford

This paper examines uncertainty when using GCMs to generate catchment-style precipitation scenarios. The authors use two emissions scenarios, six global climate models, and four downscaling techniques to make climate change projections for two catchments in the UK. This technique generally forecasts an increase in the extremes of the hydrological cycle. (Abstract only).

Downscaled Models, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Water UK

This report details potential climate change impacts to water utility activities and water infrastructure in England. The report also provides specific case studies from water utilities. Page 2 discusses impacts on water infrastructure. Pages 6 and 8 provide a regional adaptation case study for water utilities in England, including information on infrastructure investment and long term planning.

Adaptation, Case Studies and Best Management Practices, Infrastructure Implications, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Whitehead, P.G./University of Reading, Wilby, R.L./Longborough University, Battarbee, R./University College London, Kernan, M/University College London. and Wade, A/university of Reading.

This paper reviews climate change impacts with a specific focus on surface water quality. Pages 102-105 discuss changes in precipitation and corresponding impacts to water quality and supply. Pages 105-106 discuss changes in extreme precipitation events and corresponding impacts to hydromorphology. Pages 106-108 address changes in temperature and corresponding eutrophication of surface water.

Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Wilby, R.L./Lancaster University and Environment Agency, Beven, K.J./Lancaster University, Uppsala University, and Reynard, N.S./Centre for Ecology and Hydrology

This paper compares published papers on historical rainfall and river flow trends to climate change projections and reconciles differences between the two. The authors then make recommendations for future research and resource allocation. (Abstract only)

Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management

Wilby, R.L./Loughborough University, Orr, H./Environment Agency, Watts, G./Environment Agency, Battarbee, R.W./University College London, et al.

This article relies on a review of adaptation literature to assess the scientific basis for adaptively managing species and habitats that are vulnerable to climate change. The authors conclude that adaptation techniques will have the greatest acceptance when they provide multiple benefits. (Abstract only)

Adaptation

World Wildlife Foundation

This report was written to assess the vulnerability of the Thames river to climate change. Page 5 provides predictions for changes in climate, including changes in precipitation and extreme events. Pages 14-15 address climate change impacts on water quality and supply in the River Kennet. Pages 16-17 address climate change impacts on the River Lee.

Case Studies and Best Management Practices, Regional and Local Information, Water Quality Implications, Water Supply Implications and Demand Management